Bayankhongor province is located in the west of the central part of Mongolia with a land size of 116 000 square km. Neighboring provinces are Uvurkhangai, Umnugobi, Gobi-Altai Zavkhan, Arkhangai. Bayankhongor province shares a 130 km boarder with the People’s Republic of China. The distance from Ulaanbaatar is around 630 km.

This province has a very diverse nature - high mountains (Ikh Bogd Uul / Ikh Bogd Mountain 3957 m), low valleys (Zeeren’s steppe, Nomgon valley and Tsenkher valleys located to the south of the Gobi-Altai mountain series are located at the altitude of 552 - 600 m), steppe and the end of the Great lakes depression in the middle of the province and gobi desert in the south of the province.
It is divided into 20 administrative units called soums, 103 baghs and 1 village. In 2017 the total population of Bayankhongor province was around 87,000 people.